St Bernard

Breed Group: Guardian

For full breed standards, visit UK Kennel Club or American Kennel Club

Average height: 70 to 90 cms (27.5 to 35.5 in)

Average Weight: 54-82 kg (120-180 lbs)

Coat Length: Short to medium

Life Span: 8-10 years

Colours: Red with white, mahogany brindle with white

HISTORY

The Saint Bernard, a gentle giant with a noble heart, has a storied past that intertwines with the snowy, treacherous terrain of the Swiss Alps. Originating from the hospice at the Great St. Bernard Pass, these dogs were bred by monks around the 17th century. Their primary role was to locate and rescue lost travelers braving the pass between Switzerland and Italy. The breed's keen sense of direction and resistance to cold made them indispensable companions in life-or-death situations.

The Saint Bernard's ancestors were likely large mastiff-type dogs brought by the Roman army, which were then bred with local dogs of the region. This combination produced a breed robust enough to navigate the Alpine elements. The most famous of these rescuers was Barry, who saved over 40 lives. His legacy is so revered that a monument stands in his honor, and his name is often bestowed upon the breed.

As the breed gained fame for its heroic deeds, it also became a symbol of steadfastness and compassion. The Saint Bernard's image was further romanticized by the erroneous yet enduring symbol of the brandy cask, a myth popularized by the painter Edwin Landseer. Despite the breed's evolution into a family companion, the Saint Bernard still carries the spirit of a rescuer, ready to offer comfort and protection to those in need.

L.E.G.S.

Using the L.E.G.S.® model, our breed descriptions offer insights into typical behavior based on Genetics, Learning, Environment, and Self.

Knowing the sort of 'job' a breed was created for can offer valuable insights into the type of life dogs of that breed would most enjoy. But bear in mind, they are all individuals, treat the following as an indication of breed tendencies – not a prediction.

Shedding

minimal <> considerable

Grooming

minimal <> likely to need professional grooming

Barking

relatively quiet <> very vocal

Predatory behaviour around other pets/livestock

low<>high

Response to strangers

happy to greet everyone <> very wary

Affectionate with family

not at all<>very cuddly

Playful

serious<>very playful

Focus on handler (bond)

independent thinker<>very biddable

Excitable/Impulsive

very calm<>easily aroused

Motivated

laid back<>obsessive

Easy to care for

suitable for inexperienced<>challenging

Exercise needs

minimal<>hours daily

Off-lead exercise needs

happy on lead<>needs plenty of freedom

Enrichment needs

basic<>needs challenges

WHY YOU'LL FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR ST BERNARD

St. Bernards are known for their calm and gentle demeanor, making them excellent companions for families and individuals alike.
These dogs are incredibly loyal and form strong bonds with their owners, often displaying a deep sense of affection and attachment.
The breed's history as rescue dogs in the Swiss Alps gives them a noble and courageous spirit that is both inspiring and endearing.

WHY THEY MAY BE HARD TO LIVE WITH

Their large size means they need ample space and can inadvertently knock over objects or small children.
St. Bernards are known for drooling, which can be a bit messy and require regular clean-up.
Despite their size, they do need regular exercise to stay healthy, which can be challenging given their substantial physical presence.

YOUR ST BERNARD HIGHLIGHTS

St. Bernard puppies are adorable bundles of joy that grow rapidly into gentle giants. As puppies, they exhibit a playful and curious nature, often exploring their surroundings with enthusiasm. Early care should focus on socialization and gentle training to manage their size and strength as they grow. It's crucial to establish routines, including regular feeding times, potty breaks, and exercise, to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adult dogs. Their thick coats require regular grooming from a young age to maintain their health and appearance.

YOU MAY NEED PROFESSIONAL HELP WITH:

Training for Gentle Interaction: Due to their size, professional training may be needed to ensure they interact gently with children and other pets.
Managing Slobber: You might seek advice on how to manage the breed's tendency to drool.
Weight Management: Professional guidance may be necessary to maintain a healthy weight and prevent joint issues.

YOUR RELATIONSHIP SURVIVAL KEY

To maintain a successful long-term relationship with your St. Bernard, focus on mutual respect and understanding. Recognize their need for companionship and include them in family activities. Provide consistent training and boundaries to manage their size and strength.

Remember, St. Bernards thrive on love and attention, so ensure they feel like an integral part of the family.

UPBRINGING

Raising a St. Bernard requires patience and consistency. Socialization is key; expose them to various people, animals, and environments to foster a well-rounded temperament. Training should begin early, focusing on basic commands and leash manners. Due to their size, it's essential to teach them not to jump or lean on people. Positive reinforcement works best, as St. Bernards are sensitive to their owner's tone and mood. Address their physical needs by providing a comfortable living space and regular veterinary care to monitor their growth and development.

LIFESTYLE

The ideal lifestyle for a St. Bernard includes a balance of relaxation and activity. They enjoy being part of the family and should live indoors, with access to a secure outdoor space for exercise. Daily walks and playtime are necessary, but avoid overexertion, especially in warm weather. St. Bernards do well in homes where they can be close to their owners, whether that's lounging by your feet as you work or joining in on family outings.

INTERESTS & HOBBIES

St. Bernards may enjoy activities that align with their historical roles, such as search and rescue training or cart pulling. They also appreciate leisurely walks, scent games, and any activity that allows them to use their strength in a controlled manner. Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise, so puzzle toys and interactive games can be excellent for keeping them engaged.

EDUCATION

Training goals for St. Bernards should focus on obedience, social manners, and gentle interaction due to their size. Simple ideas include teaching them to wait patiently for food, to greet people calmly without jumping, and to walk nicely on a leash. Consistent, positive training sessions will reinforce good behavior and strengthen the bond between you and your St. Bernard.